Unlock PHP Magic: How to Take Input from User in PHP Easily
9 Aug 2025
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Deadlocks & Synch
For the four deadlock conditions (Prompt 16), propose one distinct Deadlock Prevention strategy that effectively negates or removes that specific condition.
List and explain the four necessary and sufficient conditions for a Deadlock to occur in a system. Use a simple resource-sharing analogy to illustrate one of the conditions.
Explain the core principle behind the Banker's Algorithm. Describe the two main steps it performs (Safety Check and Resource Request Check) and the outcome of each.
Define Starvation in operating systems. Provide an example of a scheduling or synchronization mechanism that is susceptible to causing starvation.
Describe how a Binary Semaphore can be used to enforce Mutual Exclusion in the critical section problem. Write the pseudocode for the wait() and signal() operations.
Describe how a Resource Allocation Graph (RAG) is used for Deadlock Detection. Explain the significance of a cycle in the graph for single-instance resources.
Explain the two primary strategies for Deadlock Recovery (Preemption and Rollback). Discuss the practical difficulties and costs associated with implementing these strategies.
Describe the classic Dining Philosophers Problem. Explain why the naive solution (each philosopher picks up the left fork then the right) leads to a deadlock.
Describe how a Wait-For Graph is used for Deadlock Detection in systems where resources have multiple instances. What condition in the graph indicates a deadlock in this context?
Explain the difference between Deadlock Prevention and Deadlock Avoidance. Which category does the Banker's Algorithm fall into and why?
Describe the purpose of a Conditional Variable in concurrency. Explain how it differs from a semaphore and why it is typically used alongside a mutex.
Describe a Spinlock and its usage for mutual exclusion. Explain why spinlocks are generally efficient only on multi-core systems and for short critical sections.
Outline the steps of a general Deadlock Detection Algorithm. Explain why detection is often preferred over avoidance in systems where deadlocks are rare.
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