Unlock PHP Magic: How to Take Input from User in PHP Easily
9 Aug 2025
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Maintenance & Evolution
Define the Bus Factor of a project team. Propose 3 specific software engineering practices (e.g., documentation, cross-training, code review policy) designed to actively raise the Bus Factor.
Define Technical Debt. List 4 factors (e.g., rushing to market, poor design) that lead to its accumulation. Propose a sustainable strategy for allocating development time (e.g., a percentage of each sprint) to address this debt.
Explain the purpose of Software Configuration Management (SCM). List 4 specific items (e.g., source code, documentation, test scripts) that should be placed under version control by the SCM system.
Define the four common types of software maintenance: Corrective, Adaptive, Perfective, and Preventive. Provide a specific example of a task for each type (e.g., fixing a bug, updating for a new OS).
Define Software Re-engineering. Explain why re-engineering (restructuring and modifying code) is often necessary for legacy systems and distinguish it from simply bug fixing (Corrective Maintenance).
Define Software Obsolescence. List 3 specific risks (e.g., security vulnerabilities, integration issues) associated with continuing to operate software built on an unsupported or obsolete technology stack.
Outline the 4 essential steps for performing an Impact Analysis on a new Change Request (CR). The steps must identify affected components and estimate the time/cost of the change.
Define a Software Configuration Item (SCI). List 5 examples of work products (e.g., source code, design documents) that should be formally managed as SCIs under a Configuration Management Plan.
Clearly distinguish between Refactoring and a full Software Rewrite. Explain the primary motivation for choosing a full rewrite (e.g., technology obsolescence) versus an incremental refactoring.
Define Software Reverse Engineering. Explain its use case in the context of legacy software (e.g., creating design documentation) and distinguish it from Forward Engineering.
Outline a 3-point Preventive Maintenance Plan for an application. The plan must include a schedule for updating dependencies, monitoring code quality metrics, and reviewing security vulnerabilities.
List 4 types of information (e.g., dependency graph, control flow graph) that can be automatically extracted through Source Code Analysis for reverse engineering and maintenance purposes.
Outline the 5 essential steps in the formal Change Request (CR) Process, from initial submission to final implementation and verification. Specify the role of the Change Control Board (CCB).
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