Unlock PHP Magic: How to Take Input from User in PHP Easily
9 Aug 2025
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Scheduling & Performance
Explain the primary goal of the Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) scheduler. Detail how it uses multiple queues and changing priorities to favor different types of processes (e.g., I/O-bound vs. CPU-bound).
List 5 distinct CPU Scheduling Criteria (e.g., Throughput, Latency) that an OS designer attempts to optimize. Explain which criteria are typically contradictory.
Compare First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) and Shortest-Job-First (SJF) scheduling. Provide a numerical example of 3 jobs to show why FCFS often results in a higher average waiting time.
Describe the core mechanism of Round Robin (RR) Scheduling. Explain the critical trade-off involved in selecting a very small versus a very large time quantum.
Define Priority Scheduling and explain the problem of Indefinite Blocking (Starvation) that can arise. Describe the technique of Aging used to solve this problem.
Define Turnaround Time for a process. Given 3 processes with burst times (P1=10, P2=5, P3=2) all arriving at t=0, calculate the average Turnaround Time under SJF scheduling.
Distinguish between Preemptive and Non-Preemptive scheduling. Name one common scheduling algorithm of each type and the key decision point for preemption.
Define Priority Inversion. Explain how the Priority Inheritance Protocol solves this problem and list one real-world critical system where this issue caused a major failure.
Define CPU Utilization. Explain why the OS attempts to keep this metric high, and describe a scenario where 100% utilization might indicate a system bottleneck (e.g., I/O-bound).
Describe the two main priority classes (real-time and variable) used in the Windows scheduler. Explain how the concept of quantum expiration affects the priority of threads.
Explain the necessity of Load Balancing in multi-core CPU scheduling. Compare the two main techniques: Push Migration and Pull Migration.
Define Response Time and Waiting Time for a process. Explain why Response Time is a more critical metric for interactive, user-facing applications.
Describe the priority assignment rule in the Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) algorithm (a real-time algorithm). Define its primary limitation in terms of CPU utilization.
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